Viruses & Malware
Understand the different types of malicious software, how they spread, and how to protect your devices.
What is Malware?
Malware (Malicious Software) is any software intentionally designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. It's an umbrella term covering many distinct types of threats.
Types of Malware
- Virus — Attaches itself to legitimate files and spreads when those files are shared. Can corrupt or delete data.
- Worm — Self-replicates and spreads across networks without needing a host file. Can consume bandwidth and crash systems.
- Trojan Horse — Disguises itself as legitimate software. Once installed, opens a backdoor for attackers.
- Ransomware — Encrypts your files and demands payment (ransom) for the decryption key. Devastating for businesses.
- Spyware — Silently monitors your activity, keystrokes, and data, sending it to attackers.
- Adware — Displays unwanted advertisements, often bundled with free software.
- Rootkit — Hides deep in the OS, giving attackers persistent, privileged access that's hard to detect.
- Keylogger — Records every keystroke, capturing passwords, messages, and sensitive data.
- Botnet — A network of infected computers controlled remotely to carry out attacks (DDoS, spam).
How Malware Spreads
- Email attachments and phishing links
- Malicious websites and drive-by downloads
- Infected USB drives and external devices
- Unpatched software vulnerabilities
- Pirated software and fake downloads
- Malicious browser extensions
How to Protect Yourself
- Antivirus Software — Detects and removes known malware. Keep it updated.
- Keep Software Updated — Patches close vulnerabilities malware exploits.
- Don't Click Suspicious Links — Verify senders before opening attachments.
- Regular Backups — The best defence against ransomware. Keep offline backups.
- Use Standard User Accounts — Avoid running as administrator to limit malware damage.
What's Next?
Add another layer of protection with a VPN & Firewall, understand the human-based techniques used to deliver malware in Social Engineering, or go deeper into Cyber Security concepts.